Heney fawcett



N Model.) 1

H. FAWGETT. ART OF MANUFACTURING BORDERED GARPETS AND OTHER PABRIGS.

Patented June 14, 1887.

; Aai as fi 2 U TED STATES HENRY FAWOETT, OF KIDDERMINSTER, COUNTY OFWORCESTER, ENGLAND.-

PATENT. OFFICE.

ART OF MANUFACTURING B ORDERED CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 364,711, dated June 14,1887.

Application filed June 18,1884. Serial No. 185,350. (No model.) Patentedin England April 24, 1883. No. 2,088.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY FAwoETT,a subject of the Queen of GreatBritain, residing at Kidderminster, in the county of \Vorcester,

England, carpet-manufacturer, haveinventedcertain new and usefulImprovements in the Art of Manufacturing Bordered Carpets and otherFabrics, (for which I have received Letters Patent in Great Britain No.2,088, dated April 24,1883 of which the following is a specification.

Heretofore it has been the general custom to make borders separate fromthe body-carpet. They are afterward sewed onto the body-car pet. At thefour corners the border is doubled under diagonally in what istechnically termed a miter. This produces an objectionable thick edge.Again, the old-method necessitates that on two sides of a carpet theborder crosses the body-that is to say, the direction of the length ofthe border is transverse to the length of the pieces of carpeting--andthe pile-loops of the border and of the body of the carpet,respectively, are reversed the one rel atively to the otherthat is tosay,fron1 the same'point of view the edges of the pile-loops in the oneand the eyes or openings of the pile-loops in the other would appear.This, especially in cut-pile carpets, gives a different shade to that ofthe other two sides of the border and of the body-carpet. By the presentinvention both these objections are obviated. My object is to produce abordered carpet or like fabric by weaving the border with instead ofseparate from the body. In accordby producing the inner lines orstripes, or'

those between such portions and the remainder of the body. The portionsof the bodypattern s0 separated become the important portions of theborder, and the llnes or strlpes form the outlines of the border.

In order further to explain my invention, I will refer to the annexeddrawings.

In the drawings,Figure 1 shows a portion of a width of Brussels carpetof the ordinary description. The loom employed in the manufacture of myimproved carpets is supposed to be set up to weave this carpet in theordinary manner. parts of my improved bordered carpet woven Figs. 2, 2",2, and 2 show in this loom. Fig. 3 is a plan of the rising a section ofa portion of the board with the rectangular peg in the narrow part ofone of the holes, so that (however the jacquard may operate) the stringwill not be lifted by the board.

I will suppose that I have a Brussels-carpet loom set up in the ordinaryway to weave Brussels carpet, and that I wish to produce with it abordered carpet, or, rather, a series of breadths of carpet, which, whensewed together longitudinally in the" ordinary way of making up atBrussels carpet, will form a square or oblong carpet of any desireddimensions, bordered all around with a border woven with thebody-carpet. I have then to weave, first, the

necessary number of intermediate breadths,

Figs. 2 and 2, all alike, and each having two portions of border uponit, separated by as many yards of bodypattern as the size of the carpettobe made renders necessary. In these intermediate breadths the portionsof border, one at each end, have to be produced transversely across thefabric, and (if the pattern be such as to admit of the distinctionbetween inner and outer side) the two portions of border have to beproduced in reversed positions, so that the inner side of the border mayin such case be against the body part of the carpet. Second. I have toproduce in the loom the outside breadth to form, say, the right side ofthe carpet,'Fig. 2. In this the border will in the main be required torun lengthwise of the fabric and on the right side of it; but at eachend the border will require to change its direction, and will becontinued across the carpet to the left, so that in making up the carpetit will join accurately with the portions of border on the adjacentintermediate breadth. Third. The outside breadth to form the left sideof the carpet, Fig. 2, has to be similarly produced, but with thelongitudinal borderpattern 011 the left side, with connections at theend passing to the right to join up with the border-pattern on theintermediate breadth, to which it will be sewed on its right side. Thejacquard of the loom being of the ordinary description, the figurewarp-threads for the fabric are controlled by means of cords a, (one foreach thread,) passing through holes I) in a rising and falling board, 0.

Such being the arrangement of the loom to produce one of theintermediate breadths of a carpet, it is necessary first to weave atransverse stripe suitable for the extreme outer margin of the carpet.This stripe will usually be in one color, (I will call this black,) andI prepare the 100111 to weave it by inserting wooden pegs into thekey-hole'like holes already mentioned. I employ two sorts of pegs-oneadapted to fit and fill the narrow part of the hole, and the other thewide part. I now insert pegs of this latter sort, 0, into all the holescorresponding to figure warpthrcads of the color which I require for thestripe, and into all the other holes I insert pegs of the former sort,d. By this means the jacquard is for the time rendered inoperative, for,however the cords may be drawn by the jacquard, those corresponding tothe color which I require are kept in the narrow parts of the holes inthe rising and falling board, and consequently are brought up with it ateach movement, while all the other cords are kept by the pegs in thewide parts of the holes, and hence are never raised. The loom being thusarranged, the weaving is commenced.

After a few picks without the insertion of pile-wires the weaving isproceeded with nn til the black stripe for the outer margin of thecarpet is of the desired width. Then theloom is stopped and the pegs areshifted in such manner that on recommencing to weave the figurewarp-threads of another color are raised and another stripe from side toside of the breadth of carpet is produced. This stripe will, perhaps, benarrow-a mere line to define the outer band of the carpet-border. Thisline having been produced, I again change the pegs and put in, perhaps,another coloredline. Then I make another change. This time I may so setthe pegs as to cause two figure warpthreads to rise together in the samedent of the reed. The band which I now weaveis mottled or made up of twocolors mingled in a way which contrasts well with the other parts of thecarpet, where (usually) but one figurethread at a time is brought up ineach dent. After this, again and again changing the pegs,

I produce other narrow lines, so that the band may be bounded on eithersidebysimilarlines. Now, perhaps, I proceed at once to weave theimportant part of the border, or I may add air other mottled band,according to the taste of the designer.

To prepare for' the important part of the border-that is to say, thepart markedfin Figs. 2" and 2 -1 remove all the pegs and then weave withthe jacquard operatingin theusnal manner, thereby producing a portion ofthe carpet-pattern extending across the breadth from side to side. Whenthe portion of the bod y-pattern selected for the border has been thuswoven, the loom is again stopped, pegs are inserted, and by operating inthe manner already described the border'pattcrn is completed on theotherside with transverse stripes,

lines, and mottled bands, so that the fabric on the two sides of thecentral or important part of the border may match or be proper] yrelated. The section of border being now com pletc, the pegs are allremoved and the main body-carpetis woven, say, for three, four, five, ormore yards, according to the dimensions of the bordered carpet to bemade. Afterward I again produce another portion of border extendingacross the breadth of carpet from side to side, performing all theoperations gone through at the first, but in the reverse order, theinner stripes or lines, or those which sepa rate the important portionof the border from the body-pattern, being first produced. Thiscompletes an intermediate breadth. Thus, as

ICO

willbe seen, the intermediate breadths for a carpet are all alike, andeach consists of a piece of body-carpet terminated at either end by aportion of border crossingittransverscl y from side to side and allwoven of a piece. All the intermediate breadths required are woven in asimilar manner, as many of them as the dimensions of the bordered carpetto be produced renders necessary.

In weaving one of the outside breadths I commence as before; but whenthe time comes for making the first change in the arrangement of thepegs, in place of altering the arrangement all across the loom, I leaveas they were the pegs corresponding to the figure warpthreads near theouter side of the breadth, in order that the marginal color (say theblack) may in weaving be contained all along the outer side of thebreadth of carpet to the same width as the border-stripe first woven onthe intermediate breadth. -\Vith this exception I work, as before, untilthe next change ofpegs has to be made, and then, again, I leaveunchanged other pegs near the outer side of the breadth and next tothose previously left, so that the outer line of the borderpattern maysimilarly be continued along the breadth which is in process of weaving.So I go on, arranging the pegs so that every transverse line in theborder-pattern is continued longitudinally of the breadth. In due courseI proceed to weave so much of the important portion of theborder-pattern as extends across the breadth, and for this the jacquardcomes into use. Then, at thenext change, Iinsert the pegs suitably toproduce the line or stripe which next follows in. the border, commencingat the inner edge and extending partly across the breadth. While thisline or stripe is being woven, the jacquard remains in operation tocontinue the'important portion of the breadth of carpet adjacent to theimportant portion of theborder and on its innerside. Thus I go on,arranging the pegs to continue each stripe, band, or line longitudinallyuntil the border-pattern is fully developed. Then, leaving the pegs asthey. are, I continue to weave, the jacquard being operative in theimportantor central portion of the border and also on the inner side ofthe breadth, but being superseded elsewhere by the operation of thepegs. In this way the breadth is woven to the length necessary to matchto the next intermediate breadth, and then I again commence theproduction of the end or transverse portion of the border-pattern, whichI do by operating in the manner already described,but everything inreverse order. The other outside breadth of the carpet is produced in aprecisely similar manner, but with the border on the other side of thebreadth.

The process which I have described is applicable, as will be'readilyunderstood, for the production of bordered stair-carpetsin a loom set upand with a jacquard arranged to produce a width of ordinary orunbordered Brus- My invention is not confined to the production ofBrussels carpets. Other bordered fabrics similarly produced in breadthsby the aid of the jacquard may be similarly made.

I do not claim, generally, seamless borders or superseding the operationof the jacquard generally; but

What I claim is- 1. The method described of weaving an intermediatebreadth of fabric having the border formed with the body thereof, in aloom in which the figuring warp-threads are controlled entirely by aJacquard machine, which consists in weaving some portions when thethread-selecting devices of the Jacquard machine are in full operation,as usual, then superseding the action of the said thread-select ingdevices, so'that the i order of the warpthreads shall remain unchanged,and weaving other portionsin which the same warp-threads, all of onecolor or mixture of colors, appear constantly at the surface, therebyproducing stripes across the fabric,separating portions of thebody-pattern from the remainder, substantially as described.

2. The method described of weaving anoutside breadth of fabric having aborder formed with the body thereof, in aloom in which the figuringwarp-threads are controlled entirely by a Jacquard machine, whichconsists in weaving some portions with the thread-selecting devices ofthe Jacquard machine in full operation, as usual, and other portionswith the action of the said thread-selecting devices superseded, so thatthe order of the warpthreads shall remain unchanged,and the warpthreads,all of one color or mixture of colors, appear constantly at the surface,thereby producing stripes along the fabric, separating portions of thebody-pattern from the remainder, substantially as described.

HENRY FAVVGETT.

- Witnesses:

J OHN DEAN, WALTER J AMES SKERTEN, Both of 17- Graccchurch St, London.

